Q1) The elimination of hazards is the first order of safety. The control of physical condition is basic and frequently difficult in a plant and it requires the best of scientific, engineering and management information for its accomplishment. The evaluation and control of mechanical and physical hazards encompass four engineering aspects: design, construction, operation and maintenance.

Choose a suitable process industry and conduct a HAZOP and risk analysis study for a particular section of the industry or the total plant. List out the various factors and identify the issues taken into consideration about the discrepancies in the design, operation, control and maintenance of the plant. Through this analysis also bring out various protection methodologies presently adopted by the industry and discuss its ability in meeting the safety norms and standards.

Q2) industrialization and related activities in the last few decades resulted in many issues with the use and handling of hydrocarbons and other components used in oil and gas process industry. Major accidents represent the ultimate, most catastrophic way in which a process industry project can go wrong. Accidents cause death, suffering & pollution of the environment and disruption of business. To minimize accidents it is highly important to assess and analyze various risk scenarios associated with the industry and projects.

Briefly explain about Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) techniques and mention its basic difference from other type of hazard analysis. Explain the objectives, methodologies and the procedural steps adopted in QRA. Choose any process industry and by using process flow diagram (PFD), briefly describe its salient features. Identify all possible hazards in the chosen section of the plant and tabulate process parameters (make suitable assumptions).List out minimum five failure scenarios and asses the risk quantitatively by assuming suitable failure frequencies.

Note: Please keep the following word limits (maximum):

Q1) 2000 words Q2) 2000 words

Include relevant pictures, diagrams, charts, graphs, tables etc. Give proper in-text-citations and reference (APA/Harvard style)