Pick one topic from Chapter 11 and one topic from chapter 12 below and write a short essay on the two.

Chapter 11

1. What important development in the self happens at around 18 months of age, and what makes it possible?
2. How does the adaptiveness of shyness differ in individualistic versus collectivist cultures?
3. What besides warm, democratic parenting is likely to foster identity achievement?
4. What are three factors likely to make retirement a negative experience?

Chapter 12

1. What is the central feature of agency and of communion?
2. What is gender identity and what evidence shows understanding of this concept during infancy?
3. At what age are children likely to be most concerned about adhering to traditional gender-role behaviors?
4. Are there differences in sexual behaviors of males and females?
5. What do we know about the sexual beliefs of many of today’s teens?
6. How do sexual behaviors change across adulthood?